1仙客来的生长习性
仙客来性喜温暖,怕炎热,在凉爽的环境下和富含腐殖质的肥沃沙质壤土中生长最好。较耐寒可耐0℃的低温不致受冻。
秋季到第2年春季为其生长季节,夏季半休眠,冬季适宜的生长温度在12--16℃之间,促进开花时不应超过18--22℃,0℃以上植株将进入休眠,35℃以上植株易腐烂、死亡,冬季可耐低温,但5℃以下则生长缓慢,花色暗淡,开花少。
dongjibuchongeryanghuatanqiti,kecujinshengzhanghekaihua。zaishengzhangqi,yaoqiukongqishirunherizhaochongzudehuanjing。
(仙客来图片)
2仙客来的繁殖方法
仙客来的繁殖方法主要有播种繁殖、分割块茎繁殖和组织培养繁殖,下面我们就一起来看一看仙客来的繁殖方法吧!
1、播种繁殖
仙客来的种子需经过人工授粉后才能获得,种子一般于5月份成熟,应及时采收。仙客来种子较大,千粒重为10g左右,一般发芽率为85%--95%。为促进种子发芽,播前可浸种催芽,用冷水浸种24h或30℃温水浸泡2--3h,然后清洗种子表面的粘着物,包于湿布中催芽,保持1--2d温度25℃,种子稍微萌动即可取出播种。播种时间一般在9--10月份,用普通花盆播种即可。
bozhongtuzuihaoweifuhanfuzhizhideshazhirangtu,bingjingxishaiguoshaihoucainengshiyong。dangyoumiaoyepianwanquanzhankaihou,kejinxingdi1ciyimiao。yimiaoshirengkeyongputonghuapen,pentutongbozhongtu,youmiaojuliyi3cmzuoyouweiyi,yizaihoulijiyongpenhusatoushui。yihouchangbaochimiaopenshirunjike。
daiyoumiaoshengzhangchu3pianye,xiaoqiujingzhangdao5--6mmzhijingshi,yaojishifenzaishangpen。kezhijieyong9cmkoujingdexiaopendanzhuyizai。
pentuguoshaihouhunhepeizhian2chengfuyetu、2chengyuantu、5chengxihuangsha、1chengfushufenmopeizhi。yizaishiyaojinkenengdaixiaotuqiu,bingshizhiyutumianxiangping,yizaihousatoushui,fangzaishineiyangguangchu。youmiaohuifushengzhanghou,yingjishijiaoshuishifei。yibandaodi2niandongjijiunengkaihua。
2、分割块茎繁殖
xiankelaikuaijingbunengziranfenshengziqiu,yinerbunengxiangyibanqiugenhuahuineiyangfenqiufanzhi,xuyaorengongqiekuaifanzhi。yibanyu8yuexiaxunkuaijingjijiangmengdongshi,jiangkuaijingzidingbuzongqiefenchengjikuai,meikuaidouyingdaiyouyayan,jiangqiekoutuyicaomuhui,shaoweiliangganhou,jikefenzhiyuhuapennei,jingxinguanli,bujiujikezhanyekaihua。
3、组织培养繁殖
仙客来组培繁殖可采用花蕊、块茎、叶片、幼茎等作为外植体,一般从一、二年生幼株上采集,其中以块茎作为外植体最易诱导产生幼苗。以块茎为外植体可选用MS培养基,以MS+3mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L NAA为诱导培养基,以1/2MS+0.3mg/L NAA为生根培养基,以MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.4mg/L NAA为继代培养基。
(仙客来图片)
3仙客来的养殖方法
仙客来的休眠球茎,一般于8月底--9月中旬开始萌发新芽,这时应及时更换盆土。培养土配制比例按3成腐叶土、4成细黄沙、2成园土、1成腐熟干粪末配制。换盆时,球茎只带部分宿土,栽植不宜过深,一般以球茎顶部露出土面1/3为宜。初栽后盆土不要太湿,稍有湿气即可以后根据植株发芽情况,再逐渐增加浇水,并给以充足日照。待叶片长出后,要使盆土经常保持湿润。同时每周追施1次腐熟淡液肥,直至开花前停止施肥。施肥和浇水时,要避免淹没球顶,否则顶芽容易腐烂。在每次施肥后,还应用清水冲洗1次。
xiankelaichengnianqiujingyibandao12yuechujiunengkaihua,di2nian2、3yuedadaoshenghuaqi。weiyanzhanghuaqi,kaihuahoukeyifangzaiwendujiaodidedifang。cihou,suizhewaijieqiwendeshenggao,dao5yuefenkaihuajiuzhujianjianshao,dankaihuajiaochidepinzhongdao6yuefenrengnengkaihua。yinbeifangdiquxiajijiaoliangshuang,zhiyaojiyitongfeng、zheyangdengtiaojian,youdepinzhongzaixiajiyenengkaihua。dandabufendao6yuefenyihoukaishituoye,cishijiaoshuiyingzhujianjianshao,shipentubaochishaoganweiyi。
dao7yuefenbianjinruxiumianqi,xiumianqijianshineibixutongfenglianghao,baochiyinliangdehuanjing,wenduzuigaobukechaoguo30℃,bingyaoshaojiaoshui,youqiyaobimianzaoshouyulin。
仙客来老球茎开花会逐年延迟,但花数较多,一次开花最多可达50朵以上。老球茎开花4年以后,会逐渐衰老,开花数也会大大减少,失去栽培价值,球茎也容易腐烂,应及时给予更新。
4仙客来的管理养护
栽培时,土壤宜疏松,可用以腐叶土2份、园土1份及少量过磷酸钙混合的培养土。也可用晒干、打碎的河泥,或用以草炭2份、珍珠岩1份混合的培养土。培养土需熏蒸消毒。换盆时,要视植株大小,逐步增大花盆,不宜直接采用大盆栽培小苗。栽植时宜浅植。大苗在上盆、换盆时,要使球的2/3--1/2居于土面上,以免球在土中受湿腐烂。忌施浓肥,肥浓易伤根,追肥可每月3次左右,施肥前宜松土,要选睛天追肥,肥不可从株顶施,宜在旁施,施肥后要喷水冲洗,仙客来的养护管理大致分为5个阶段:
1、苗期阶段:diyipianyezizhangzu,zhenyechulushi,jiuyaoyizhi。dangyoumiaojuyou3--4pianyezishi,kezhongzaizhijing10cmdehuapenzhong,yihousuizhezhizhuzengda,zaihuanjiaodadehuapen,huanpenshijianzuichibukechaoguo6yuefen。ruguomiaoxiao,kerangqiliuzaixiaohuapenzhongguoxia。youmiaoyaozheyang。tianreshiyaojingchangsongtu、chucao、jiaoshui、shifei。
2、夏季保苗阶段:xiajiqiwengao,jibuliyuxiankelaishengzhang,yingyongjiangwenshebeijiangdihuanjingwendu,cainengshiqianquanduxia。weibimiangaowen,keyongliangcengzheyinwangzheyang,bingkongzhijiaoshui,tingzhishifei。
3、第一年开花阶段:ruqiuhouhuifushengzhang,kezhubuzengjiajiaoshuiliang,shibofei。10yuezhongxunfangzaiyangguangchongzuchu。wenshikongqiyaoshirun。meiyueshifei2--3ci。12yuezhongxun--2yuechuyibanbuyongshifei,danruzaiwendujiaogaodehuanjingzhong,shifeikebutingzhi。yiban11yuekaishikaihua。
4、夏季球根休眼阶段:5yuehou,yepianzhujianfahuang,yingzhujiantingzhijiaoshui,shiqixiumian。zaiyeziquankuhou,yaofangzaidiwen、tongfenghuanjing,shiqiugenanquanduxia。yibanshijiangpenfangzailiangshuang、biyuchu。
5、第二年开花阶段:yanxiaguohou,lvejiaoshui,shiqiugenfusumengya。mengyahou,yongxinpeiyangtuhuanpen,qudiaofubaigenxi。zaiwenshineiyanghu,yue12yuekeyikaihua。kaihuahou,youjinruxiajiqiugenxiumianqi。xinfanzhidemiaoyiban11yuekaishikaihua。ruguozaixianleiqi,shiwendubaochi15℃--20℃,zaihualeiyuhuagengshangpen100mg/ldechimeisu,kecujinhuagengshenzhang、jiasukaihua。
以上就是仙客来的养殖方法介绍,希望对您有所帮助!想要了解香蒲、迎春等更多苗木资讯,请关注南北花木网(//qlxrn.cn/)。