如何种植茶花:
1.光照温度
zhangjiangyibeichunzhiweihao,zhangjiangyinanqiuzhiweihao。dizaiyingxuanpaishuilianghao、baoshuixingnengqiang。fuhanfuzhizhidesharangtu。
shanchaweibanyinxinghuahui,xiajixudapengzheyin。liqiuhouqiwenxiajiang,shanchajinruhuayafenhuaqi,yingzhujianshiquanzhushoudaochongzudeguangzhao。dongjiyingzhiyushineiyangguangchongzuchu,ruoshineiguangxiantairuo,shanchazeshengzhangbuliang,bingyidebingchonghai。shanchaweizhangrizhaozhiwu。zairizhang12xiaoshidehuanjingzhongcainengxingchenghuaya。zuishishengzhangwendu18-25℃,zuishikaihuawendu10-20℃,gaoyu35℃huizhuoshangyepian。bunaihan,dongjiyingrushi,wendubaochi3-5℃,yenengrennaiduanshijian-10℃dediwen,danbunengzhangshijianchaoguo16℃,fouzehuicushifaya,yinqiluoye。shengzhangqiyaozhiyubanyinhuanjingzhong,buyijieshouguoqiangdezhisheyangguang。tebieshixia、qiujiyaojinxingzheyin,huofangshuxiashuyinchu。shanchaxiwennuan,pahanleng。shineiwendubunengdiyu5℃。wenduzai10℃zhi15℃defangjiannei,qitacuoshidedang,chunjiejikekaihua,huaqikezhi3yuefen。
2.浇水施肥
shanchaduifeishuiyaoqiujiaogao,zhongxinghejianxingrangtujunbuliqishengzhang。beifangyouqiyaozhuyijiangjianxingshuijingguosuanhuachulihoucai,kejiaohua,jutibanfashijiangzilaishuizhufang2tian,shishuizhongdelvqihuifadiao,zaijiarushiliangliusuanyatie(zhanshui0.5%zuoyou)。jiaoshuiliangbukeguoda,fouzeyilangen。pentuyebunenggan,fouzeyishigenyinshishuierweisuo,yibaochipentuhezhouweihuanjingshirunweiyi。huaqiwupenshui。yibandongjishineijiaoganzao,yingjingchangxiangshanchayemianpenshui,yixingchengyigeshirundexiaoqihou。danyinyutianjipenshui。jiaoshuishibuyaobashuipenzaihuaduoshang,fouzehuiyinqihuaduomeilan,suoduanhuaqi。huaxiehoujishizhaiqucanhua。dongjijiaoshuiyaoshishineiwenduerding,yiban3tianzuoyouyici,baochipentushirun,jijishuihuojiaobanjieshui。yongzilaishuiyingxianzaishuitongzhongcunfangyiliangtian,ranglvqihuifadiao。shuizhongzuihaofangbaifenzhiyideliusuanyatie,yiliyugaishanshuizhi。
shanchaxifei。yibanzaishangpenhuohuanpenshizaipendishizujifei,qiudongjiyinhuayafayukuai,yingmeizhoujiaoyicifushudedanyefei,bingzhuishi1cizhi2cilinjiafei,danfeiguoduoyishihualeijiaoku,kaihuahoukeshaoshihuobushifei。shifeiyixibofanfeishuiweihao,jishinongfei。yibanchunjimengyahou,mei17tianshi1cibofeishui,xiajishilin、jiafei,chuqiuketingfei1geyuezuoyou,huaqianzaishifanfeishui,kaihuashizaishisuxiaolin、jiafei,shihuadaseyan,huaqizhang。
3.整形修剪
dizaishanchazhuyaojianqugankuzhi、bingruozhi、jiaochazhi、guomizhi,mingxianyingxiangshuxingdezhitiao,yijishuquduoyudehualei。penzaishanchachuyishanggongzuowai,haiyinggenjugerenxihaojinxingzhengxingxiujian,danbuyizhongjian,yinqishengzhangshibuqiang。
4.花期控制
yinshanchabunaihan,yanhuanhuaqibutaichangyong。yibanyongxuanzepinzhong、wendukongzhi、jisuchulidengbanfalaikongzhihuaqi。yushishancha”shiyi”kaihua,kezai7yuezhongxunhuo8yuechuyongmaobizhan0.1%dechimeisuo,diantuyuhualeishang,mei3tiantu1ci,feishuizhengchangguanli。9yuekanhualeishengzhangqingkuangjuedingshifoutuhualei,ruoguji”shiyi”kaihuabubaoxian,kezengjiatuleicishu,zengjiafeishuiliang,cuhualeixunsushengzhang,shi”shiyi”jianhua。
5.冬季养护
a.fangdongbaonuandangqiwenjiangzhi0sheshiduyixiashi,jiangpenzaichahuabanzhishiwaixiangyangwennuanbifengchu,huofangzaisanmianmifeng、yimianxiangyangdesuliaopengnei。yekefangzaishinei,danyaoqiusuofangzhichuguangzhao、tongfenglianghao。yuyanhanshuangdongtianqiyingzhuyibaonuan,zaizhouranjiangwenzhiqianzuihaojiangshiwaidechahuabanzhishinei。ruofangzaishiwai,yejianyingjiagaisuliaobomo、baozhihuobudengcailiao。
b.shuifeiguanli chahuaxiwennuan、shirundehuanjing,pajishui。kaihuaqianjiaoshuiyingzhangwopentubuganbujiao,jiaozejiaotoudeyuanze。
c.dongjimeige3-5tianyongshuiwenyushiwenxiangjindeqingshuipensayemian1ci,yizengjiashiduheqingxiyemianhuichen。kaihuaqijiaoshuiliangyipentujianganjianshiweiyi,jiaoshuishiyishijianweiqingtianzhongwu。dongjishichahuahualeipengdaqi,meiyueyaojieheyemianpenshuipenshi0.1%zhi0.3%delinsuanerqingjiaye1ci,huogenshiyilinjiaweizhudexiboyefei(feishuibiwei1:4)1ci。
d.qitashineiyuedongdepenhuakaihuashi(zaohuapinzhong11yuedishihua,yibanpinzhong2-4yuekaihua),buyaojiangqifangzaiguangzhaotaiqianghuowendutaigaodedifang,fouzehuishihuaduozaoxie。zhaiquguoduohuabao,keyicushihuadahesezeyanli,bingnengyanzhanghuaqi。
6.盆栽须知
turangshipenzaishanchahuadeshengzhangjichu,yinweichahuagenxiyilaiturangshengzhang、fayu,chahuashengminghuodongsuoxuyaodeshuifenheyangfenzhuyaocongturangzhongxiqu。chahuaxihuanpiansuanxing、hanfuzhizhijiaogao、shusongtongqideshandihong(huang)rangtu,phzhizai5zhi6.5zhijian,bunengcaiyongjianxingtuhuonianxingzhongdeturangzuopenzaichahuajizhi。turangpeizhi:shannitu(zhongzuowudeshuhuahongrangtu)50%,muxiehuoshiyongjunzha40%,bingfeifenhuoshengchufenhelinfeifen10%,sanzhebanyun,jiaoshuishiliangzhuangdaishuhua,xiaqiu20tianyishang,chundong30tianyishang,zheizhongturangbujinshusongtongqi,hainengbaofeibaoshui,shihechahuashengzhangfayu。
7.病虫防治
chahuazhuyaobinghaiyoulunwenbing、tanjubing、kushaobing、yebanbing、yanmeibingdeng,zhuyaofangzhiyaojiyou:tuijunte800bei;duojunling500bei;baijunqing800bei;kemeiling800beidingqifangzhi,huaqianyaozhuyihuimeibing、huakubingfangzhi。
chahuachonghaiyihongzhizhu、yachong、jieqiaochong、juanyee、zaoqiaochongweizhu,zhuyaofangzhiyaojiyonglvjingjuzhi15ml+shuianliulin20mlhuojiuxiaolin25mldui30jinshuipenwu。
yishangguanyuruhezhongzhichahuajiujieshaodaozheilile,xiwangduidajiayousuobangzhu。ganxiedajiaduinanbeihuamuwangdezhichi,xianglejiegengduoxiangguanzhishiqingdajiajixuguanzhuwomene。