1、落叶乔木树干的培养
（1）yizhimiao（dangnianchunyizhidemiaomu）yangganfangfa。dingyabaomandeqiaomu，rujiayang、beijingyang、baila、xiangchun、yinxingdengyizhihoubukejianquzhushao。dingyamengyalichadeqiaomu，rumaobaiyang、guohuai、cihuaiheliushu，yizhihoubixujiangzhushaojianqu20—30cm，xuanzebaomanyaliuzaijiankouxia，cushitafayachengweiyanzhangdezhugan。
（2）保养苗（移植成活后第二年抚育的苗木）养干方法。速生的大乔木，如杨、柳等，冬季修剪主要是将分枝点提到树高的1/2—3/5处，对上部出现的竞争枝应剪除。有明显顶芽的乔木，如元宝枫等，幼苗移植的官度宜大，多留细小侧枝，疏除较粗和直立的侧枝，待树干达到要求高度时应进行第二次移植，以利于养直主干，待树干硬化后，再逐步提高分枝点。树干不易长直的乔木，如黄檗、栾树、华北卫矛、杜仲等，都应在移植之后多留枝叶，养好根系，在移植后的第二年冬季剪截主干，翌年加强肥水管理，即能长成直立的树干。
2、落叶乔木树冠的培养
（1）gaodaluoyeqiaomu，ruyang、liudeng，qishuguanyibanbuxuyaorengongzhengxing，zhizaishangbuchuxianjiaoqiangdejingzhengzhishi，yaojishishuzhi，fouzeyichuxianshuangtouzhushu。
（2）wuzhongyanggandeluoyeqiaomu，ruhuaishu、yuanbaofeng、mantouliudeng，shuganyangchenghou，yingjiehedierciyizhi，an2.5mdegaodudinggan，jijiang2.5myishangdezhuganbufenquanbujianqu，ranhouxuanliu3—5gexiangsimianfangshedezhuzhi，batamenpeiyangchengguganzhi，diernianjiangzheixiezhuzhizai35—40cmchuduanjie，cushitadiercifenzhi，jinengxingchengshuguan。
（3）龙爪槐嫁接成活后，冬剪时在枝条下垂部位重短截，使其萌生向上枝条，就能使树冠向外扩展而形成伞形树冠。
3、灌木的修剪造型
（1）danganyuantouxing。cishuxingshiyongyuyuyemei、ziyeli、huangludengshuzhong。qizhengxingfangfashi：yizhihouxianyangqishugan，zaishugan46—60cmchujianduandinggan，yichunfayahou，liuzhangshijunyun、jiaoduheshidezhuzhi3—5ge，jiangxiabuwuyongzhijianchu，dierniandongjianshijiangzhuzhizai25—35cmchuduanjie，cushitaercifenzhi，jikeyangchengdanganyuantouxing。
（2）duoganshiguanmu，rulianqiao、taipinghua、jindaihua、meiguideng，yizhihou，congdibiaoxiangshangmeigezhuzhizhiliu3—5geya，jiangqishangbujianqu，shitacongjindibiaochuzaifenzhi，jiunengxingchengyou3—5gegandeduoganshiguanmu。
（3）篱架式灌木，如十姐妹、爬蔓月季、蔷薇等不能直立的灌木必须高篱架才能增加观赏价值。在抚育管理阶段，主要是养好根系和培养3—5个粗壮的主蔓，而将多余的枝蔓在萌芽时疏除。
4、常绿树的修剪造型
（1）songbolei。yibansongboleidedingduanyoushimingxian，zhuganyiyang。qizhongyousong、huashansongdengzhuzhishilunshengzhuang，ruyinianlundezhuzhishuliangguoduo，zezhongyanggandeyoushiyibeijianruo。yinci，danglunshengdezhuzhiguoduoshi，kemeilunzhiliu4—5gefenbuhelijunyundezhuzhi，erjiangqizuodeshuchu。ruchupuzuoxingdaoshuzaizhidemiaomu，zaimiaopuzhongfuyuzhi6—7nianshengyihou，yingmeinianjiangqifenzhidiantigaoyilun，daochupushijiunengdadaofenzhidianzai2.5myishangdegaodu。
baipisongyijiguibodengsongbolei，yizixiabushengchutuzhangzhi，erchuxianshuangganxianxiang。zaimiaopufuyuqijian，yingsuishishanchuyuzhongyanglingdaoganbingliedetuzhangzhi。shangshujizhongsonglei，rudingyabeipohuai，yingjishijianglinjindecezhi（zhuzhi）yongzhiligunkunbangfuqi，yongtadaitizhugan。
（2）lvliyongmiao。lvliyongmiaoyaoqiuxiabuzhitiaomiji，weidadaozheiyimude，yingzaimiaomuchupudeqianyinianchunjijianshao，cushiqixiabuduofazhitiao。
（3）tengbenhuopanyuanlei。zitengyingzaiqiuji（8yueliqiuhou）zhaixin，cuqijiaozaoditingzhishengzhang，yimianyinnenshaobuyimuzhihuaerjiangdikanghannengli。duiyudijin、lingxiaodengzhuyaoshiyanghaogenxi，liu3—5gezhumanjike。
